(a) Institution of higher educationFor purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of section 1091(d) of this title;
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
(b) Additional institutions includedFor purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a recognized occupation and that meets the provision of paragraphs (1), (2), (4), and (5) of subsection (a); and
(2) a public or nonprofit private educational institution in any State that, in lieu of the requirement in subsection (a)(1), admits as regular students individuals—(A) who are beyond the age of compulsory school attendance in the State in which the institution is located; or
(B) who will be dually or concurrently enrolled in the institution and a secondary school.
(c) List of accrediting agenciesFor purposes of this section and section 1002 of this title, the Secretary shall publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies or associations that the Secretary determines, pursuant to subpart 2 of part H of subchapter IV, to be reliable authority as to the quality of the education or training offered.
(Pub. L. 89–329, title I, § 101, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title I, § 101(a), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3083; Pub. L. 112–74, div. F, title III, § 309(c)(3), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1101.)
Editorial Notes
Prior ProvisionsProvisions similar to this section were contained in section 1141(a) of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244.
A prior section 1001, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, § 101, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title I, § 101, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 459, related to purposes of school, college, and university partnership grant program, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 105–244.
Another prior section 1001, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, § 101, as added Pub. L. 99–498, title I, § 101, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1278, related to Congressional findings, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.
Another prior section 1001, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, § 101, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1373, stated Congressional findings with respect to continuing postsecondary education program and planning, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 99–498.
Another prior section 1001, Pub. L. 89–329, title I, § 101, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219; Pub. L. 90–575, title II, § 201, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1035; Pub. L. 92–318, title I, § 101(a), June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 236; Pub. L. 94–482, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2083; Pub. L. 96–49, § 2, Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 351, authorized appropriations for the community service, continuing education, and lifelong learning program grant programs through fiscal year 1980, prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.
Amendments2011—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 112–74 substituted “section 1091(d)” for “section 1091(d)(3)”.
2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, § 101(a)(1)(A), inserted “, or persons who meet the requirements of section 1091(d)(3) of this title” before semicolon at end.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–315, § 101(a)(1)(B), inserted “, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary” before semicolon at end.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, § 101(a)(2), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “a public or nonprofit private educational institution in any State that, in lieu of the requirement in subsection (a)(1) of this section, admits as regular students persons who are beyond the age of compulsory school attendance in the State in which the institution is located.”
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2020 AmendmentPub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, § 701(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3137, as amended by Pub. L. 117–103, div. R, § 102(a), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 819, provided that: “Except as otherwise expressly provided, this Act [probably means “this title”, see Tables for classification], and the amendments made by this title to the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.), shall take effect on July 1, 2024, and shall apply with respect to award year 2024–2025 and each subsequent award year, as determined under the Higher Education Act of 1965. The Secretary of Education shall have the authority to take such steps as are necessary before July 1, 2024, to provide for the orderly implementation on such date of the amendments to the Higher Education Act of 1965 made by this Act.”
Effective Date of 2011 AmendmentPub. L. 112–74, div. F, title III, § 309(g), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1103, provided that: “The amendments made by subsections (a), (b), and (c) [amending this section and sections 1070a, 1087ss, and 1091 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1091 of this title] shall take effect on July 1, 2012.”
Effective Date of 2009 AmendmentPub. L. 111–39, § 3, July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1935, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in this Act [see Tables for classification], the amendments made by this Act shall take effect as if enacted on the date of enactment of the Higher Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110–315) [Aug. 14, 2008].”
Effective Date of 2008 AmendmentPub. L. 110–315, § 3, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3083, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in this Act [see Tables for classification] or the amendments made by this Act, this Act and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 14, 2008].”
Pub. L. 110–315, title I, § 101(b), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3083, as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, title I, § 101(a)(1), July 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 1935, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 14, 2008].”
Effective Date of 1998 AmendmentPub. L. 105–244, § 3, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1585, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in this Act [see Tables for classification] or the amendments made by this Act, the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on October 1, 1998.”
Effective Date of 1992 AmendmentPub. L. 102–325, § 2, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 458, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in this Act (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) [see Tables for classification], the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on October 1, 1992.”
Effective Date of 1987 AmendmentPub. L. 100–50, § 27, June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 363, provided that: “The amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note below] shall take effect as if enacted as part of the Higher Education Amendments of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–498, see Short Title of 1986 Amendments note below].”
Effective Date of 1986 AmendmentPub. L. 99–498, § 2, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1277, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in this Act, the amendments made by this Act [see Tables for classification] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1986].”
Effective Date of 1980 AmendmentPub. L. 96–374, title XIII, § 1393, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1504, provided that:
“(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act and the amendments made by this Act [see Tables for classification] shall take effect on October 1, 1980.
“(b)(1) The amendment made by section 301 of this Act to title III of the Act [enacting subchapter III of this chapter] shall take effect October 1, 1981.
“(2) The amendment made by section 404(c)(4) of this Act to section 415C(b)(4) of the Act [amending section 1070c–2 of this title] shall be effective October 1, 1979.
“(3) The amendment made by section 405 to subpart 4 of part A of title IV of the Act [amending subpart 4 of part A of subchapter IV of this chapter generally] shall take effect October 1, 1981.
“(4) The amendments made by part B of title IV of this Act [enacting sections 1077a, 1078–2, 1083a, and 1087–1a of this title and amending sections 1074, 1075, 1077, 1078, 1078–1, 1080, 1082, 1085, 1087–1, and 1087–2 of this title] shall take effect, except as otherwise provided therein, on January 1, 1981, and to the extent such amendments make changes in such part B which affect student loans, such changes shall apply to outstanding loans as well as to loans made after the amendments take effect, except that the amendments made by section 415(b) [amending sections 1077(a)(2)(B) and 1078(b)(1)(E) of this title] shall apply with respect to any loan to cover the cost of instruction for any period of instruction beginning on or after January 1, 1981, to any student borrower who has no outstanding balance of principal or interest on any loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [part B of subchapter IV of this chapter] on the date on which the borrower enters into the note or other written evidence of the loan.
“(5) The amendments made by part D of title IV of this Act [enacting sections 1087cc–1, 1087hh, and 1087ii of this title and amending sections 1087aa to 1087gg of this title] shall apply to loans made under part E of the Act [20 U.S.C. 1087aa et seq.] on or after October 1, 1980.
“(6) The amendment made by section 701 of this Act adding section 731 of the Act [former section 1132d of this title] shall apply to loans made under section 731 on or after October 1, 1980.”
Effective Date of 1976 AmendmentPub. L. 94–482, title V, § 532, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2241, provided that:
“The provisions of this Act [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 12, 1976] except—
“(1) as specifically otherwise provided; and
“(2) that each amendment made by this Act (not subject to clause (1) of this section) providing for authorization of appropriations shall take effect July 1, 1976.”
Short Title of 2024 AmendmentPub. L. 118–173, § 1, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2597, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1092 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1092 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Stop Campus Hazing Act’.”
Pub. L. 118–145, § 1, Dec. 11, 2024, 138 Stat. 1671, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1090 of this title] may be cited as the ‘FAFSA Deadline Act’.”
Short Title of 2022 AmendmentPub. L. 117–200, § 1, Oct. 11, 2022, 136 Stat. 2219, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1078–3 and 1087e of this title] may be cited as the ‘Joint Consolidation Loan Separation Act’.”
Pub. L. 117–103, div. R, § 101, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 819, provided that: “This division [amending sections 1070a, 1087kk, 1087ll, 1087ss, 1087uu–2, 1090, and 1092f of this title and sections 292d and 292r of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing section 1070h of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1070a of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘FAFSA Simplification Act Technical Corrections Act’.”
Short Title of 2021 AmendmentPub. L. 117–49, § 1, Oct. 13, 2021, 135 Stat. 402, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1070g–2 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1070g–2 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Consider Teachers Act of 2021’.”
Short Title of 2020 AmendmentPub. L. 116–270, § 1, Dec. 31, 2020, 134 Stat. 3325, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 1063d and 1063e of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1063d of this title] may be cited as the ‘HBCU Propelling Agency Relationships Towards a New Era of Results for Students Act’ or the ‘HBCU PARTNERS Act’.”
Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, § 701(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3137, provided that: “This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘FAFSA Simplification Act’.”
Pub. L. 116–251, § 1, Dec. 22, 2020, 134 Stat. 1129, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1018, 1092, 1092b, and 1097 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1018 and 1097 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Stop Student Debt Relief Scams Act of 2019’.”
Pub. L. 116–136, div. A, title III, § 3501, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 395, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle B (§§ 3501–3519) of title III of div. A of Pub. L. 116–136, amending section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 7861 of this title, section 6103 of Title 26, section 3163 of Title 29, Labor, and section 12501 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘COVID–19 Pandemic Education Relief Act of 2020’.”
Short Title of 2019 AmendmentPub. L. 116–91, § 1, Dec. 19, 2019, 133 Stat. 1189, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 1098h of this title, amending sections 1067q, 1070a, 1087, 1087e, 1091, and 1098e of this title and section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 6103 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Education Act’ or the ‘FUTURE Act’.”
Short Title of 2015 AmendmentPub. L. 114–105, § 1, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2219, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1087aa, 1087cc–1, and 1087ff of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1087aa and 1226a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2015’.”
Short Title of 2013 AmendmentPub. L. 113–28, § 1, Aug. 9, 2013, 127 Stat. 506, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1087e of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1087e of this title] may be cited as the ‘Bipartisan Student Loan Certainty Act of 2013’.”
Short Title of 2010 AmendmentPub. L. 111–152, title II, § 2001(a), Mar. 30, 2010, 124 Stat. 1071, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 2001–2213) of title II of Pub. L. 111–152, enacting section 1087i–2 of this title, amending sections 1002, 1067q, 1070a, 1070a–14, 1071, 1074, 1077a, 1078, 1078–2, 1078–3, 1078–8, 1085, 1087–1, 1087b, 1087d, 1087e, 1087f, 1087h, 1090, 1092f, 1098e, 1141, and 1161y of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1002, 1070a, 1087d, and 1087e of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1078 of this title] may be cited as the ‘SAFRA Act’.”
Short Title of 2008 AmendmentPub. L. 110–315, § 1(a), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3078, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Opportunity Act’.”
Pub. L. 110–227, § 1, May 7, 2008, 122 Stat. 740, provided that: “This title [probably means this “Act”, enacting section 1087i–1 of this title, amending sections 1070a–1, 1071, 1078, 1078–2, 1078–8, 1087a, and 1087f of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1070a–1, 1071, 1078, 1078–8, and 1089 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008’.”
Pub. L. 110–198, § 1, Mar. 24, 2008, 122 Stat. 656, provided that: “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Extension Act of 2008’.”
Short Title of 2007 AmendmentPub. L. 110–109, § 1, Oct. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 1028, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1085 of this title and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Third Higher Education Extension Act of 2007’.”
Pub. L. 110–84, § 1(a), Sept. 27, 2007, 121 Stat. 784, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 1070g to 1070g–3, 1098e, 1098f, 1099d, 1099e, and 1141 of this title, amending sections 1070a, 1070a–13, 1077a, 1078, 1078–3, 1085, 1087–1, 1087e, 1087h, 1087dd, 1087ff, 1087oo to 1087tt, and 1087vv of this title, repealing section 1078–9 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1070a, 1078, 1078–3, 1087oo, 1087ss, 1087tt, and 1087vv of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1078 of this title] may be cited as the ‘College Cost Reduction and Access Act’.”
Pub. L. 110–51, § 1, July 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 263, provided that: “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Second Higher Education Extension Act of 2007’.”
Pub. L. 110–44, § 1, July 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 238, provided that: “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘First Higher Education Extension Act of 2007’.”
Short Title of 2006 AmendmentPub. L. 109–292, § 1, Sept. 30, 2006, 120 Stat. 1340, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1085, 1087h, 1101a, and 1101c of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1085 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Third Higher Education Extension Act of 2006’.”
Pub. L. 109–238, § 1, June 30, 2006, 120 Stat. 507, provided that: “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Second Higher Education Extension Act of 2006’.”
Pub. L. 109–212, § 1, Apr. 1, 2006, 120 Stat. 321, provided that: “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Extension Act of 2006’.”
Pub. L. 109–171, title VIII, § 8001(a), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 155, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 8001–8024) of title VIII of Pub. L. 109–171, enacting sections 1070a–1 and 1092e of this title, amending sections 1002, 1071, 1074, 1075, 1077a, 1078 to 1078–3, 1078–6 to 1078–10, 1082, 1085, 1087, 1087–1, 1087e, 1087h, 1087j, 1087dd, 1087ll, 1087oo to 1087ss, 1087vv, 1088, 1091, 1091b, and 1095a of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1002, 1075, 1078, 1087–1, 1087oo to 1087qq, and 1087ss of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1078–10 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005’.”
Short Title of 2005 AmendmentsPub. L. 109–150, § 1, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2884, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1087–1 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1087–1 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1078–10 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Second Higher Education Extension Act of 2005’.”
Pub. L. 109–67, § 1, Sept. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 2001, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1091b of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Grant Hurricane and Disaster Relief Act’.”
Pub. L. 109–66, § 1, Sept. 21, 2005, 119 Stat. 1999, provided that: “This Act [amending section 1091b of this title] may be cited as the ‘Pell Grant Hurricane and Disaster Relief Act’.”
Short Title of 2004 AmendmentPub. L. 108–409, § 1, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2299, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1078–10, 1087–1, and 1087j of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1078–10 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004’.”
Short Title of 2000 AmendmentsPub. L. 106–420, § 1, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1867, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 1092d of this title, amending section 522 of Title 11, Bankruptcy, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1092d of this title and section 994 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the ‘College Scholarship Fraud Prevention Act of 2000’.”
Pub. L. 106–386, div. B, title VI, § 1601(a), Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1537, provided that: “This section [amending sections 1092 and 1232g of this title and section 14071 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1092 of this title and section 14071 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act’.”
Short Title of 1998 AmendmentPub. L. 105–244, § 1(a), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1581, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Amendments of 1998’.”
Short Title of 1997 AmendmentPub. L. 105–78, title VI, § 609(a), Nov. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1522, provided in part that: “This section [amending sections 1078–3, 1087h, 1087oo to 1087qq, and 1087vv of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1078–3 and 1087h of this title] may be cited as the ‘Emergency Student Loan Consolidation Act of 1997’.”
Short Title of 1996 AmendmentPub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, § 101(e) [title VI, § 601], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–275, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 1087–3, 1087–4, and 1132f–10 of this title, amending sections 1078–3, 1085, and 1087–2 of this title, repealing sections 1087–2, 1087–3, and 1132f to 1132f–9 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1078–3 and 1087–2 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Loan Marketing Association Reorganization Act of 1996’.”
Short Title of 1994 AmendmentPub. L. 103–382, title III, § 360B(a), Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3969, provided that: “This section [amending section 1092 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1092 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act’.”
Short Title of 1993 AmendmentsPub. L. 103–208, § 1(a), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2457, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Technical Amendments of 1993’.”
Pub. L. 103–66, title IV, § 4011(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 341, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 4011–4047) of title IV of Pub. L. 103–66, amending sections 1072, 1078, 1078–3, 1078–8, 1085, 1087–2, and 1087a to 1087h of this title, repealing section 1078–1 of this title, omitting sections 1087i and 1087j of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1078, 1078–3, and 1078–8 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Loan Reform Act of 1993’.”
Short Title of 1992 AmendmentPub. L. 102–325, § 1(a), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 448, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Amendments of 1992’.”
Short Title of 1991 AmendmentPub. L. 102–26, § 1(a), Apr. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 123, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 1211b of this title, amending sections 1078, 1078–1, 1085, 1087ss, 1088, 1091, 1091a, 1092, 1094, and 1141 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1070, 1078–1, 1088, and 1091a of this title, amending provisions set out as a note under section 1092 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 1088 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Technical Amendments of 1991’.”
Short Title of 1990 AmendmentsPub. L. 101–542, § 1, Nov. 8, 1990, 104 Stat. 2381, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 1085, 1092, 1094, and 1232g of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1092 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Right-To-Know and Campus Security Act’.”
Pub. L. 101–542, title I, § 101, Nov. 8, 1990, 104 Stat. 2381, provided that: “This title [amending section 1092 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1092 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Right-To-Know Act’.”
Pub. L. 101–542, title II, § 201, Nov. 8, 1990, 104 Stat. 2384, provided that: “This title [amending sections 1092, 1094, and 1232g of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1092 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990’.”
Pub. L. 101–508, title III, § 3001, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–25, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 3001–3008) of title III of Pub. L. 101–508, amending sections 1078, 1078–1, 1078–7, 1085, 1088, and 1091 of this title and sections 362, 541, and 1328 of Title 11, Bankruptcy, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1078–7, 1085, and 1088 of this title and sections 362 and 1328 of Title 11, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1078–1 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Loan Default Prevention Initiative Act of 1990’.”
Short Title of 1989 AmendmentPub. L. 101–239, title II, § 2001, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2111, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 2001–2009) of title II of Pub. L. 101–239, enacting section 1078–7 of this title, amending sections 1077, 1078, 1078–1, 1078–6, 1082, 1085, 1087dd, 1087tt, 1088, 1092b, and 1094 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1077, 1078, 1078–1, and 1078–6 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Loan Reconciliation Amendments of 1989’.”
Short Title of 1987 AmendmentPub. L. 100–50, § 1(a), June 3, 1987, 101 Stat. 335, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 1059a, 1087tt, 1087uu, 1087uu–1, and 1145d–1 of this title, amending sections 1057, 1058, 1062, 1063a to 1063c, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1069a, 1070a to 1070a–4, 1070a–6, 1070b–3, 1070c–4, 1070d–1b, 1070d–2, 1070e–1, 1070f, 1075, 1077, 1077a, 1078 to 1078–3, 1078–5, 1078–6, 1080a, 1081 to 1083, 1085, 1087–1, 1087–2, 1087d, 1087bb, 1087cc, 1087cc–1, 1087dd, 1087ee, 1087oo to 1087ss, 1087vv, 1088, 1089 to 1091, 1092 to 1092b, 1095, 1096, 1098, 1109 to 1109d, 1111, 1111b, 1111f, 1111g, 1122, 1132a, 1132a–1, 1132d, 1132d–2, 1132g–3, 1132i–1, 1134h to 1134j, 1141, 1145e, 1221e, and 1221e–1 of this title, section 4604 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and sections 2752, 2753, and 2756 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2752 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1011, 1071, 1087dd, 1087kk, 1091, 1121, 1145d, 1221–1, and 1221e–1 of this title and section 2753 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Technical Amendments Act of 1987’.”
Short Title of 1986 AmendmentsPub. L. 99–498, § 1, Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1268, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Amendments of 1986’.”
Pub. L. 99–320, § 1, May 23, 1986, 100 Stat. 491, provided: “That this Act [amending sections 1078 and 1080a of this title and a provision set out as a note under section 1072 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Financial Assistance Technical Corrections Act of 1986’.”
Pub. L. 99–272, title XVI, § 16001(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 339, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 1078–3, 1080a, and 1091a of this title, amending sections 1072, 1074, 1075, 1077, 1078, 1080, 1082, 1083a, 1085, 1087–1, 1087–2, 1087cc, 1087cc–1, 1087dd, 1087gg, 1089, 1091, and 1094 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1072, 1078, and 1078–3 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1078 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Financial Assistance Amendments of 1985’.”
Short Title of 1983 AmendmentsPub. L. 98–95, § 1, Sept. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 708, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 1065a of this title, amending section 1069c of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1132a–1 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 123 and 1069c of this title] may be cited as the ‘Challenge Grant Amendments of 1983’.”
Pub. L. 98–79, § 1, Aug. 15, 1983, 97 Stat. 476, provided: “That this Act [amending sections 1071, 1077, 1077a, 1078, 1078–2, 1083a, 1087–1, 1087–2, 1087cc–1, and 1098 of this title, repealing section 1087–1a of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1077, 1077a, 1078, and 1087–1 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 1070a, 1078, and 1089 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Student Loan Consolidation and Technical Amendments Act of 1983’.”
Short Title of 1982 AmendmentPub. L. 97–301, § 1, Oct. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1400, which provided: “That this Act [amending sections 1070a, 1083a, 1087–2, and 1087cc–1 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1070a, 1070b–3, 1078, 1087bb, 1089, and 1221e–1 of this title and section 2752 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Student Financial Assistance Technical Amendments Act of 1982’.”
, was repealed by Pub. L. 99–498, title IV, § 408(b), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1495, eff. with respect to any academic year beginning on or after July 1, 1988.
Short Title of 1981 AmendmentPub. L. 97–35, title V, subtitle B, § 531, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 450, provided that: “This subtitle [amending sections 1075, 1077, 1077a, 1078, 1078–1, 1078–2, 1087–1, 1087–2, 1087dd, 1089, 1096, and 1232 of this title, repealing section 1087–3a of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1078 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Postsecondary Student Assistance Amendments of 1981’.”
Short Title of 1980 AmendmentPub. L. 96–374, § 1, Oct. 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 1367, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 239a, 1001 to 1005, 1011 to 1015, 1016 to 1019, 1021, 1022, 1029, 1031 to 1034, 1041, 1042, 1047 to 1047j, 1051, 1057 to 1069c, 1070d–1a to 1070d–2, 1077a, 1078–2, 1083a, 1087–1a, 1087cc–1, 1087hh, 1087ii, 1088 to 1098, 1119b to 1119b–5, 1119c to 1119c–2, 1121 to 1127, 1130 to 1132, 1132a to 1132a–1, 1132b to 1132c, 1132d to 1132d–4, 1132e, 1132e–1, 1134d to 1134p, 1135 to 1135a–3, 1136 to 1136d, 1143, 1144a, 1145, 1146, 1221e–1b, 1221e–4, and 3063 to 3065 of this title, section 640c–2 of Title 25, Indians, and sections 2753 and 2756b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 1070 to 1070c–3, 1070d, 1070d–1, 1070e to 1077, 1078, 1078–1, 1079, 1080 to 1083, 1085 to 1087–1, 1087–2, 1087aa to 1087cc, 1087dd to 1087gg, 1101 to 1104, 1119 to 1119a–1, 1133 to 1134c, 1135c–1, 1141, 1142, 1221e, 1226a, 1226c, and 1232 of this title, section 326a of Title 7, Agriculture, section 640c–1 of Title 25, sections 714 and 792 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 2751, 2752, and 2756 of Title 42, repealing sections 511 to 513, 1070c–4, 1070d–3, 1087–4, 1134q to 1134s, 1142a, 1142b, 1145, 1145a, 1145c, 1172 to 1174, 1176, 1177, and 1221d of this title and section 2754 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 236, 1001, 1119b, and 1221–1 of this title and section 301 of Title 7, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 236 of this title and section 301 of Title 7] may be cited as the ‘Education Amendments of 1980’.”
Short Title of 1979 AmendmentPub. L. 96–49, § 1, Aug. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 351, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 1087gg of this title, amending this section and sections 513, 1021, 1042, 1051, 1070a, 1070b, 1070c, 1070d, 1070d–2, 1070e–1, 1078, 1087–1, 1087aa, 1088, 1101, 1119, 1121, 1132a, 1132b, 1132c, 1132c–4, 1134, 1134e, 1134i, 1134n, 1134r–1, 1135, 1135a, 1136b, 1142b, 1221d, and 1221e of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1070a, 1087–1, 1087gg, and 1088 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 1070a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Technical Amendments of 1979’.”
Short Title of 1978 AmendmentsPub. L. 95–566, § 1, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2402, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 1087–3a of this title, amending sections 1070a, 1070c–2, 1070d–1, 1075, 1077, 1078, 1088 and 1088f of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Middle Income Student Assistance Act’.”
Pub. L. 95–336, § 1, Aug. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 451, provided: “That this Act [amending section 1070e–1 of this title, sections 1001, 1002, and 1007 of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and former section 246 of Title 38, Veterans’ Benefits, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1070e–1 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Alcohol and Drug Abuse Education Amendments of 1978’.”
Short Title of 1976 AmendmentsPub. L. 94–482, § 1, Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2081, provided: “That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Education Amendments of 1976’.”
Pub. L. 94–328, § 1, June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 727, provided: “That this joint resolution [amending sections 1070a, 1074, 1078 and 1078a of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1226a of this title and section 2756 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] may be cited as the ‘Emergency Technical Provisions Act of 1976’.”
Short Title of 1972 AmendmentPub. L. 92–318, § 1, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235, provided: “That this Act [enacting chapter 36 (§ 1601 et seq.), chapter 37 (§ 1651 et seq.), chapter 38 (§ 1681 et seq.), and sections 241aa to 241ff, 887c, 887d, 900 to 900a–5, 1005a, 1021, 1031, 1042, 1070 to 1070e, 1070e–1, 1087–1, 1087–2, 1087aa to 1087ff, 1088d to 1088g, 1119a, 1132a to 1132e–1, 1134 to 1134s, 1135, 1135a, 1135b to 1135c, 1135c–1, 1142a, 1142b, 1144a, 1145a, 1211a, 1221a to 1221h, 1227 of this title, and section 326a of Title 7, Agriculture, and 2756a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending this section and sections 240, 241c, 241e, 331a, 332, 421, 441, 511, 513, 822, 823, 842, 843, 863, 880b–3a, 1003, 1011, 1021, 1022 to 1024, 1027, 1031, 1033, 1041, 1051 to 1056, 1061, 1068, 1070, 1074, 1075, 1077, 1078, 1078a, 1080, 1083, 1084, 1087, 1087a, 1087c, 1088, 1088c, 1091, 1091a to 1091c, 1101, 1102, 1108 to 1111, 1115, 1116, 1118, 1119, 1119a, 1119b–2, 1121, 1129, 1133, 1133a, 1134j, 1136, 1136a, 1136b, 1141, 1176, 1231, 1231a, 1232a, 1232c, 1242, 1244, 1248, 1302, 1321 to 1323, 1341, 1352, 1371, 1391, and 1412 of this title, and sections 329, 331, 343, 349, 361, and 1626 of Title 7, sections 24, 84, 1464, and 1757 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, sections 203 and 213 of Title 29, Labor, and sections 2751, 2752, and 2754 of Title 42, repealing sections 1, 2, 426, 711 to 721, 731, 732, 746, 1021, 1031, 1032, 1060, 1118, 1119a, 1119b–2, and 1119c–4 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 241a, 241e, 241aa, 331a, 425, 821, 887d, 1005a, 1009, 1070, 1070e, 1074, 1075, 1087–2, 1087aa, 1091a, 1132a, 1132c–3, 1135c, 1231, and 1232 of this title, sections 301 and 326a of Title 7, and section 3501 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Education Amendments of 1972’.”
Short Title of 1968 AmendmentPub. L. 90–575, § 1, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1014, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 451 to 455, 746, 1056, 1060, 1087, 1087a to 1087c, 1088 to 1088c, 1089, 1119a–1, 1129a, 1133 to 1133b, 1134 to 1134l, 1135, 1135a, 1135b, 1135c, 1136 to 1136b, 1145, 1146 to 1150 of this title, amending this section and sections 403, 421 to 425, 425 note, 426, 441 to 445, 462 to 464, 481 to 484, 511, 513, 562, 581, 584, 588, 591, 711, 713 to 718, 731, 732, 743, 751, 758, 961, 1005, 1006, 1021 to 1024, 1031, 1033, 1041, 1051, 1061, 1062, 1065 to 1068, 1071 to 1075, 1077, 1078, 1080, 1083 to 1086, 1091c, 1101, 1104, 1108 to 1111, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1118, 1119a, 1119b–2, 1121, 1124, 1125, 1141, 1142, 1143, 1144 and 1176 of this title, section 1464 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and sections 2741, 2751 to 2756, and 2809 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, repealing sections 733, 981 to 996 of this title, and section 2757 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 423 to 425, 445, 462 to 464, 588, 713, 716 to 718, 743, 751, 981, 1006, 1022, 1024, 1051, 1056, 1060, 1067, 1071, 1077, 1078, 1083, 1088b, and 1109 of this title, and sections 2751, 2753, 2754, and 2809 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Amendments of 1968’.”
Short Title of 1966 AmendmentPub. L. 89–752, § 1, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1240, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 1086 of this title, amending sections 403, 421, 425, 441, 443, 711–715, 731, 743, 744, 751, 1022, 1051, 1072, 1121, and 1124 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 403, 443, 1022, 1071, and 1124 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Amendments of 1966’.”
Short TitlePub. L. 89–329, § 1, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219, provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter and section 2757 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending sections 403, 424, 425, 441, 443, 591, 711, 713 to 717, 731, and 751 of this title, and sections 2751 to 2756, and 2761 of Title 42] may be cited as the ‘Higher Education Act of 1965’.”
Pub. L. 89–329, title V, § 509, as added by Pub. L. 90–35, § 8, provided that title V of Pub. L. 89–329 could be cited as the “Education Professions Development Act”, prior to the general amendment of title V of Pub. L. 89–329 by Pub. L. 99–498, title V, § 501(a), Oct. 17, 1986, 100 Stat. 1495.
For short title of section 1092(f) of this title as the Jeanne Clery Campus Safety Act, see section 1092(f)(19) of this title.
Emergency Financial Aid GrantsPub. L. 116–260, div. N, title II, § 277, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1980, provided that:
“(a) In general.—In the case of a student receiving a qualified emergency financial aid grant—“(1) such grant shall not be included in the gross income of such individual for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.], and
“(2) such grant shall not be treated as described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of section 25A(g)(2) of such Code [26 U.S.C. 25A(g)(2)].
“(b) Definitions.—For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘qualified emergency financial aid grant’ means—“(1) any emergency financial aid grant awarded by an institution of higher education under section 3504 of the CARES Act [section 3504 of Pub. L. 116–136, set out below],
“(2) any emergency financial aid grant from an institution of higher education made with funds made available under section 18004 of the CARES Act [Pub. L. 116–136, 20 U.S.C. 3401 note], and
“(3) any other emergency financial aid grant made to a student from a Federal agency, a State, an Indian tribe, an institution of higher education, or a scholarship-granting organization (including a tribal organization, as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C.5304 [sic])) for the purpose of providing financial relief to students enrolled at institutions of higher education in response to a qualifying emergency (as defined in section 3502(a)(4) of the CARES Act [section 3502(a)(4) of Pub. L. 116–136, set out below]).
“(c) Limitation.—This section shall not apply to that portion of any amount received which represents payment for teaching, research, or other services required as a condition for receiving the qualified emergency financial aid grant.
“(d) Effective date.—This section shall apply to qualified emergency financial aid grants made after March 26, 2020.”
Guidance to StatesPub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, § 702(a)(3), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3138, provided that: “The Secretary of Education shall issue guidance for States on interpretation and implementation of the terminology and formula adjustments made to the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) under the amendments by this Act [probably means “this title”, see Tables for classification], including the student aid index, formerly known as the expected family contribution, and the need analysis formulas.”
Forgiveness of HBCU Capital Financing LoansPub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title VII, § 706, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3200, provided that:
“(a) Forgiveness.—Not later than 90 days after the effective date of this section [see Effective Date of 2020 Amendment note set out above], the Secretary of Education shall repay each institution of higher education’s outstanding balance of principal, interest, fees, and costs on the disbursed loan amounts (as of such effective date) under each applicable closed loan agreement, including paying any reimbursement (including reimbursements of escrow and return of fees and deposits) relating to the applicable closed loan agreement that are usual and customary when the loan is paid off by the institution.
“(b) Applicable Closed Loan Agreement.—In this section, the term ‘applicable closed loan agreement’ means each of the following:“(1) A closed loan agreement executed before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2020] and made under part D of title III of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1066 et seq.).
“(2) A closed loan agreement executed before the date of enactment of this Act and made for deferment balances authorized under—“(A) section 3512 of the CARES Act [Pub. L. 116–136] (20 U.S.C. 1001 note);
“(B) title III of division A of the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Public Law 116–94; 133 Stat. 2586) [see Tables for classification];
“(C) title III of division B of the Department of Defense and Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education Appropriations Act, 2019 and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2019 (Public Law 115–245; 132 Stat. 3097) [see Tables for classification]; or
“(D) title III of division H of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (Public Law 115–141; 132 Stat. 741) [see Tables for classification].
“(c) Authorization and Appropriation.—There are authorized to be appropriated, and there are appropriated, out of any amounts in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to carry out subsection (a).
“(d) Effective Date.—Notwithstanding section 701(b) [set out as a note above], this section shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2020].”
COVID–19 Pandemic Education ReliefPub. L. 118–5, div. B, title IV, § 271, June 3, 2023, 137 Stat. 33, provided that:
“(a) In General.—Sixty days after June 30, 2023, the waivers and modifications described in subsection (c) shall cease to be effective.
“(b) Prohibition.—Except as expressly authorized by an Act of Congress enacted after the date of enactment of this Act [June 3, 2023], the Secretary of Education may not use any authority to implement an extension of any executive action or rule specified in subsection (c).
“(c) Waivers and Modifications Described.—The waivers and modifications described in this subsection are the waivers and modifications of statutory and regulatory provisions relating to an extension of the suspension of payments on certain loans and waivers of interest on such loans under section 3513 of the CARES Act [Pub. L. 116–136] (20 U.S.C. 1001 note)—“(1) described by the Department of Education in the Federal Register on October 12, 2022 (87 Fed. Reg. 61513 et seq.); and
“(2) most recently extended in the announcement by the Department of Education on November 22, 2022.”
Pub. L. 116–136, div. A, title III, §§ 3502–3510, 3512, 3513, 3517–3519, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 395–399, 403, 404, 408, 409, as amended by Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title I, § 101(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3082; Pub. L. 117–49, § 4(a), (b), Oct. 13, 2021, 135 Stat. 404, 405; Pub. L. 117–103, div. HH, title I, § 101, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 1112, provided that:
[Pub. L. 117–49, § 4(c), Oct. 13, 2021, 135 Stat. 405, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending section 3519 of Pub. L. 116–136, set out above] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the CARES Act (Public Law 116–136).”
]
[Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title I, § 101(a)(4)(D)(ii), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3083, which directed amendment of section 3510(d)(4) of Pub. L. 116–136, set out above, by substituting “identifies, for each such foreign institution—” and subpars. (A) to (C) for “identifies each foreign institution that entered into a written arrangement under subsection (a).”, was executed by making the substitution for “identifies each foreign institution that entered into a written arrangement authorized under subsection (a).” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]
[Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title I, § 101(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3083, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 3510 of Pub. L. 116–136, set out above] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the CARES Act (Public Law 116–136).”
]
Higher Education ExtensionPub. L. 109–81, Sept. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2048, as amended by Pub. L. 109–150, § 2(a), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2884; Pub. L. 109–212, § 2, Apr. 1, 2006, 120 Stat. 321; Pub. L. 109–238, § 2, June 30, 2006, 120 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 109–292, § 2, Sept. 30, 2006, 120 Stat. 1340; Pub. L. 110–44, § 2, July 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 238; Pub. L. 110–51, § 2, July 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 263; Pub. L. 110–109, § 2, Oct. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 1028; Pub. L. 110–198, § 2, Mar. 24, 2008, 122 Stat. 656; Pub. L. 110–230, § 1(a), May 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 877; Pub. L. 110–238, § 1(a), May 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 1558; Pub. L. 110–256, § 1(a), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2425; Pub. L. 110–300, § 1(a), July 31, 2008, 122 Stat. 2998, provided that:
[Pub. L. 110–300, § 1(c), July 31, 2008, 122 Stat. 2998, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] shall take effect as if enacted on July 31, 2008.”
]
[Pub. L. 110–230, § 1(c), May 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 877, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] shall take effect as if enacted on April 30, 2008.”
]
[Pub. L. 110–300, § 1(b), July 31, 2008, 122 Stat. 2998, provided that: “Nothing in this section [enacting provisions set out above and amending Pub. L. 109–81, set out above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above], by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act (Public Law 110–84) [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above], or by the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–227) [see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 110–256, § 1(b), June 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2425, provided that: “Nothing in this section [amending Pub. L. 109–81, set out above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above], by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act (Public Law 110–84) [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above], or by the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–227) [see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 110–238, § 1(b), May 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 1558, provided that: “Nothing in this section [amending Pub. L. 109–81, set out above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above], by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act (Public Law 110–84) [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above], or by the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–227) [see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 110–230, § 1(b), May 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 877, provided that: “Nothing in this section [enacting provisions set out above and amending Pub. L. 109–81, set out above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above] or by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act (Public Law 110–84) [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 110–198, § 3, Mar. 24, 2008, 122 Stat. 656, provided that: “Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2008 Amendment note above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above] or by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act (Public Law 110–84) [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 110–109, § 3, Oct. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 1028, provided that: “Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above] or by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act (Public Law 110–84) [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 110–51, § 3, July 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 263, provided that: “Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 110–44, § 3, July 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 238, provided that: “Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2007 Amendment note above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 109–292, § 7, Sept. 30, 2006, 120 Stat. 1343, provided that: “Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (P.L. 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 109–238, § 3, June 30, 2006, 120 Stat. 507, provided that: “Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
[Pub. L. 109–212, § 3, Apr. 1, 2006, 120 Stat. 321, provided that: “Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above], or in the Higher Education Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–81, set out above] as amended by this Act, shall be construed to limit or otherwise alter the authorizations of appropriations for, or the durations of, programs contained in the amendments made by the Higher Education Reconciliation Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–171) [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note above] to the provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.] and the Taxpayer-Teacher Protection Act of 2004 [see Short Title of 2004 Amendment note above].”
]
Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 108–366, Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1741.
Study of Opportunities for Participation in Athletics ProgramsPub. L. 105–244, title VIII, § 805, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1807, which required the Comptroller General to conduct a study of the opportunities for participation in intercollegiate athletics and to submit a report on the study to committees of Congress, was repealed by Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, § 931(1), Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3456.
Stylistic ConsistencyPub. L. 103–208, § 2(m), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2486, provided that: “The Act [Pub. L. 89–329, see Short Title note above] is amended so that the section designation and section heading of each section of the Act shall be in the form and typeface of the section designation and heading of this section [107 Stat. 2457].”
Terms Defined for Purposes of Titles XIII, XIV, and XV of Pub. L. 102–325Pub. L. 102–325, § 1(c), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 448, as amended by Pub. L. 105–244, title I, § 102(a)(6)(A), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1618, provided that: “Unless otherwise provided therein, terms used in titles XIII, XIV, and XV [enacting sections 1145h and 4426 of this title, sections 3301 to 3371 of Title 25, Indians, and sections 2401 to 2405 of Title 29, Labor, amending sections 1221e–1, 1232g, 3412, 4412, 4414, 4416, 4417, 4418, 4421, 4422, 4423, 4424, 4425, 5381, and 5411 of this title, section 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, sections 4604 and 4609 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, former section 640c–1 and sections 1810, 1836, and 1852 of Title 25, and sections 295g–8 and 12576 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1070, 1070a–11, 1070a–21, 1071, 1080, 1088, 1101, 1132a, 1134, 1221–1, 1221e, 1232g, 1452, and 9003 of this title, amending provisions set out as a note under section 1091a of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 362 of Title 11, Bankruptcy] shall have the same meaning given to such terms in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 [this section].”
General Provisions of 1972 AmendmentPub. L. 92–318, § 2, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 236, provided that:
“(a) As used in this Act [See Short Title of 1972 Amendment note above]—“(1) the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [now Secretary of Education]; and
“(2) the term ‘Commissioner’ means the Commissioner of Education [now Secretary of Education];
unless the context requires another meaning.
“(b) Unless otherwise specified, the redesignation of a section, subsection, or other designation by any amendment in this Act shall include the redesignation of any reference to such section, subsection, or other designation in any Act or regulation, however styled.
“(c)(1) Unless otherwise specified, each provision of this Act and each amendment made by this Act shall be effective after June 30, 1972, and with respect to appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and succeeding fiscal years.
“(2) Unless otherwise specified, in any case where an amendment made by this Act is to become effective after a date set herein, it shall be effective with the beginning of the day which immediately follows the date after which such amendment is effective.
“(3) In any case where the effective date for an amendment made by this Act is expressly stated to be effective after June 30, 1971, such amendment shall be deemed to have been enacted on July 1, 1971.”
Rulemaking Requirements; Publication in Federal RegisterPub. L. 90–575, title V, § 505, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1063, provided for publication of rules and regulations in Federal Register, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–230, title IV, § 401(e)(2), Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 173.
Presidential Recommendations by December 31, 1969, With Respect to Post-Secondary Education for AllPub. L. 90–575, title V, § 508, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1063, authorized the President, on or before Dec. 31, 1969, to submit to the Congress proposals relative to the feasibility of making available a post-secondary education to all young Americans who qualify and seek it.
Executive Documents
Ex. Ord. No. 13864. Improving Free Inquiry, Transparency, and Accountability at Colleges and Universities
Ex. Ord. No. 13864, Mar. 21, 2019, 84 F.R. 11401, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Purpose. The purpose of this order is to enhance the quality of postsecondary education by making it more affordable, more transparent, and more accountable. Institutions of higher education (institutions) should be accountable both for student outcomes and for student life on campus.
In particular, my Administration seeks to promote free and open debate on college and university campuses. Free inquiry is an essential feature of our Nation’s democracy, and it promotes learning, scientific discovery, and economic prosperity. We must encourage institutions to appropriately account for this bedrock principle in their administration of student life and to avoid creating environments that stifle competing perspectives, thereby potentially impeding beneficial research and undermining learning.
The financial burden of higher education on students and their families is also a national problem that needs immediate attention. Over the past 30 years, college tuition and fees have grown at more than twice the rate of the Consumer Price Index. Rising student loan debt, coupled with low repayment rates, threatens the financial health of both individuals and families as well as of Federal student loan programs. In addition, too many programs of study fail to prepare students for success in today’s job market.
The Federal Government can take meaningful steps to address these problems. Selecting an institution and course of study are important decisions for prospective students and significantly affect long-term earnings. Institutions should be transparent about the average earnings and loan repayment rates of former students who received Federal student aid. Additionally, the Federal Government should make this information readily accessible to the public and to prospective students and their families, in particular.
This order will promote greater access to critical information regarding the prices and outcomes of postsecondary education, thereby furthering the goals of the National Council for the American Worker established by Executive Order 13845 of July 19, 2018 (Establishing the President’s National Council for the American Worker) [former 29 U.S.C. 3101 note]. Increased information disclosure will help ensure that individuals make educational choices suited to their needs, interests, and circumstances. Access to this information will also increase institutional accountability and encourage institutions to take into account likely future earnings when establishing the cost of their educational programs.
Sec. 2. Policy. It is the policy of the Federal Government to:
(a) encourage institutions to foster environments that promote open, intellectually engaging, and diverse debate, including through compliance with the First Amendment for public institutions and compliance with stated institutional policies regarding freedom of speech for private institutions;
(b) help students (including workers seeking additional training) and their families understand, through better data and career counseling, that not all institutions, degrees, or fields of study provide similar returns on their investment, and consider that their educational decisions should account for the opportunity cost of enrolling in a program;
(c) align the incentives of institutions with those of students and taxpayers to ensure that institutions share the financial risk associated with Federal student loan programs;
(d) help borrowers avoid defaulting on their Federal student loans by educating them about risks, repayment obligations, and repayment options; and
(e) supplement efforts by States and institutions by disseminating information to assist students in completing their degrees faster and at lower cost.
Sec. 3. Improving Free Inquiry on Campus. (a) To advance the policy described in subsection 2(a) of this order, the heads of covered agencies shall, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, take appropriate steps, in a manner consistent with applicable law, including the First Amendment, to ensure institutions that receive Federal research or education grants promote free inquiry, including through compliance with all applicable Federal laws, regulations, and policies.
(b) “Covered agencies” for purposes of this section are the Departments of Defense, the Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Transportation, Energy, and Education; the Environmental Protection Agency; the National Science Foundation; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(c) “Federal research or education grants” for purposes of this section include all funding provided by a covered agency directly to an institution but do not include funding associated with Federal student aid programs that cover tuition, fees, or stipends.
Sec. 4. Improving Transparency and Accountability on Campus. (a) To advance the policy described in subsections 2(b)–(e) of this order, the Secretary of Education (Secretary) shall, to the extent consistent with applicable law:
(i) make available, by January 1, 2020, through the Office of Federal Student Aid, a secure and confidential website and mobile application that informs Federal student loan borrowers of how much they owe, how much their monthly payment will be when they enter repayment, available repayment options, how long each repayment option will take, and how to enroll in the repayment option that best serves their needs;
(ii) expand and update annually the College Scorecard, or any successor, with the following program-level data for each certificate, degree, graduate, and professional program, for former students who received Federal student aid:
(A) estimated median earnings;
(B) median Stafford loan debt;
(C) median Graduate PLUS loan debt (if applicable);
(D) median Parent PLUS loan debt; and
(E) student loan default rate and repayment rate; and
(iii) expand and update annually the College Scorecard, or any successor, with the following institution-level data, providing the aggregate for all certificate, degree, graduate, and professional programs, for former students who received Federal student aid:
(A) student loan default rate and repayment rate;
(B) Graduate PLUS default rate and repayment rate; and
(C) Parent PLUS default rate and repayment rate.
(b) For the purpose of implementing subsection (a)(ii) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury shall, upon the request of the Secretary, provide in a timely manner appropriate statistical studies and compilations regarding program-level earnings, consistent with section 6108(b) of title 26, United States Code, other applicable laws, and available data regarding programs attended by former students who received Federal student aid.
Sec. 5. Reporting Requirements. (a) By January 1, 2020, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, shall submit to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, a report identifying and analyzing policy options for sharing the risk associated with Federal student loan debt among the Federal Government, institutions, and other entities.
(b) By January 1, 2020, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, policy recommendations for reforming the collections process for Federal student loans in default.
(c) Beginning July 1, 2019, the Secretary shall provide an annual update on the Secretary’s progress in implementing the policies set forth in subsections 2(b)–(e) of this order to the National Council for the American Worker at meetings of the Council.
(d) Within 1 year of the date of this order [Mar. 21, 2019], the Secretary shall compile information about successful State and institutional efforts to promote students’ timely and affordable completion of a postsecondary program of study. Based on that information, the Secretary shall publish a compilation of research results that addresses:
(i) how some States and institutions have better facilitated successful transfer of credits and degree completion by transfer students;
(ii) how States and institutions can increase access to dual enrollment programs; and
(iii) other strategies for increasing student success, especially among students at high risk of not completing a postsecondary program of study.
Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
Donald J. Trump.
Ex. Ord. No. 14322. Saving College Sports
Ex. Ord. No. 14322, July 24, 2025, 90 F.R. 35821, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Purpose and Policy. College sports are a uniquely American institution that provide life-changing educational and leadership-development opportunities to more than 500,000 student-athletes through almost $4 billion in scholarships each year. College athletics also provide substantial support to local economies and form an indelible part of family activities, pastimes, and culture in many communities.
While major college football games can draw tens of millions of television viewers and attendees, they feature only a very small sample of the many athletes who benefit from the transformational opportunities that college athletics provide. Sixty-five percent of the 2024 United States Olympic Team members were current or former National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) varsity athletes, and approximately seventy-five percent were collegiate athletes. The 2024 United States Olympic Team earned 126 total medals, leading the overall medal count for the eighth consecutive Summer Olympic Games.
Beyond driving our unrivaled success in international competition, college athletes are more likely to report better outcomes in important respects during college and after graduation. A substantial majority of female executives at the largest American companies participated in sports during adolescence, many at the high school or collegiate level, and examples of business leaders and former Presidents who played college sports are legion. It is no exaggeration to say that America’s system of collegiate athletics plays an integral role in forging the leaders that drive our Nation’s success.
Yet the future of college sports is under unprecedented threat. Waves of recent litigation against collegiate athletics governing rules have eliminated limits on athlete compensation, pay-for-play recruiting inducements, and transfers between universities, unleashing a sea change that threatens the viability of college sports. While changes providing some increased benefits and flexibility to student-athletes were overdue and should be maintained, the inability to maintain reasonable rules and guardrails is a mortal threat to most college sports.
To illustrate, following a 2021 antitrust ruling from the United States Supreme Court striking down NCAA restrictions, the NCAA changed its rules to permit players to receive compensation for their name, image, and likeness (NIL) from third parties. But guardrails designed to ensure that these were legitimate, market-value NIL payments for endorsements or similar services, rather than simply pay-for-play inducements, were eliminated through litigation. Other limits on player transfers among schools were also taken down through litigation.
This has created an out-of-control, rudderless system in which competing university donors engage in bidding wars for the best players, who can change teams each season. Meanwhile, more than 30 States have passed their own NIL laws in a chaotic race to the bottom, sometimes to gain temporary competitive advantages for their major collegiate teams. As a result, players at some universities will receive more than $50 million per year, mostly for the revenue-generating sports like football. Entering the 2024 season, players on the eventual college football national champion team were being paid around $20 million annually. By the 2025 season, football players at one university will reportedly be paid $35-40 million, with revenue-sharing included.
This not only reduces competition and parity by creating an oligarchy of teams that can simply buy the best players—including the best players from less-wealthy programs at the end of each season—but the imperative that university donors must devote ever-escalating resources to compete in the revenue-generating sports like football and basketball siphons away the resources necessary to support the panoply of non-revenue sports. Absent guardrails to stop the madness and ensure a reasonable, balanced use of resources across collegiate athletic programs that preserves their educational and developmental benefits, many college sports will soon cease to exist.
A national solution is urgently needed to prevent this situation from deteriorating beyond repair and to protect non-revenue sports, including many women’s sports, that comprise the backbone of intercollegiate athletics, drive American superiority at the Olympics and other international competitions, and catalyze hundreds of thousands of student-athletes to fuel American success in myriad ways.
Attempting to create some guardrails and shelter from litigation, colleges have adopted a new regime, deciding to pay athletes directly and simultaneously limit the total number of athletes on their campuses. Given that the new roster limits, by exceeding the scholarship limits they replace, will increase the potential number of scholarships available in many sports, this opportunity must be utilized to strengthen and expand non-revenue sports. Simultaneously, the third-party market of pay-for-play inducements must be eliminated before its insatiable demand for resources dries up support for non-revenue sports. Otherwise, a crucial American asset will be lost.
It is the policy of my Administration that all college sports should be preserved and, where possible, expanded. My Administration will therefore provide the stability, fairness, and balance necessary to protect student-athletes, collegiate athletic scholarships and opportunities, and the special American institution of college sports. It is common sense that college sports are not, and should not be, professional sports, and my Administration will take action accordingly.
Sec. 2. Protecting and Expanding Women’s and Non-Revenue Sports and Prohibiting Third-Party Pay-for-Play Payments. (a) It is the policy of the executive branch that opportunities for scholarships and collegiate athletic competition in women’s and non-revenue sports must be preserved and, where possible, expanded, including specifically as follows with respect to the 2025–2026 athletic season and future athletic seasons:
(i) collegiate athletic departments with greater than $125,000,000 in revenue during the 2024–2025 athletic season should provide more scholarship opportunities in non-revenue sports than during the 2024–2025 athletic season and should provide the maximum number of roster spots for non-revenue sports permitted under the applicable collegiate athletic rules;
(ii) college athletic departments with greater than $50,000,000 in revenue during the 2024–2025 athletic season should provide at least as many scholarship opportunities in non-revenue sports as provided during the 2024-2025 athletic season and should provide the maximum number of roster spots for non-revenue sports permitted under the applicable collegiate athletic rules; and
(iii) college athletic departments with $50,000,000 or less in revenue during the 2024–2025 athletic season or that do not have any revenue-generating sports should not disproportionately reduce scholarship opportunities or roster spots for sports based on the revenue that the sport generates.
(b) It is the policy of the executive branch that any revenue-sharing permitted between universities and collegiate athletes should be designed and implemented in a manner that preserves or expands scholarships and collegiate athletic opportunities in women’s and non-revenue sports.
(c) To preserve the critical educational and developmental benefits of collegiate athletics for our Nation, it is the policy of the executive branch that third-party, pay-for-play payments to collegiate athletes are improper and should not be permitted by universities. This policy does not apply to compensation provided to an athlete for the fair market value that the athlete provides to a third party, such as for a brand endorsement.
(d) Within 30 days of the date of this order [July 24, 2025], the Secretary of Education, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Education, and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, shall develop a plan to advance the policies set forth in subsections (a)–(c) of this section through all available and appropriate regulatory, enforcement, and litigation mechanisms, including Federal funding decisions, enforcement of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act [sic] of 1972 [20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.], prohibiting unconstitutional actions by States to regulate interstate commerce, and enforcement of other constitutional and statutory protections, and by working with the Congress and State governments, as appropriate.
Sec. 3. Student-Athlete Status. The Secretary of Labor and the National Labor Relations Board shall determine and implement the appropriate measures with respect to clarifying the status of collegiate athletes, including through guidance, rules, or other appropriate actions, that will maximize the educational benefits and opportunities provided by higher education institutions through athletics.
Sec. 4. Legal Protections for College Athletics from Lawsuits. (a) The Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission shall work to stabilize and preserve college athletics through litigation, guidelines, policies, or other actions, as appropriate, by protecting the rights and interests of student-athletes and the long-term availability of collegiate athletic scholarships and opportunities when such elements are unreasonably challenged under antitrust or other legal theories.
(b) Within 60 days of the date of this order, to advance the purposes of subsection (a) of this section, the Attorney General and the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission shall:
(i) review, and as necessary revise, litigation positions, guidelines, policies, or other actions; and
(ii) develop a plan to implement appropriate future litigation positions, guidelines, policies, or other actions.
Sec. 5. Protecting Development of the United States Olympic Team. The Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy and the Director of the White House Office of Public Liaison shall consult the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee and other appropriate organizations of American athletes about safeguarding the integral role and competitive advantage that American collegiate athletics provide in developing athletes to represent our Nation in international athletic competitions.
Sec. 6. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of Education.
Donald J. Trump.