(a) The Attorney General shall appoint one United States trustee for each of the following regions composed of Federal judicial districts (without regard to section 451):(1) The judicial districts established for the States of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.
(2) The judicial districts established for the States of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont.
(3) The judicial districts established for the States of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
(4) The judicial districts established for the States of Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia and for the District of Columbia.
(5) The judicial districts established for the States of Louisiana and Mississippi.
(6) The Northern District of Texas and the Eastern District of Texas.
(7) The Southern District of Texas and the Western District of Texas.
(8) The judicial districts established for the States of Kentucky and Tennessee.
(9) The judicial districts established for the States of Michigan and Ohio.
(10) The Central District of Illinois and the Southern District of Illinois; and the judicial districts established for the State of Indiana.
(11) The Northern District of Illinois; and the judicial districts established for the State of Wisconsin.
(12) The judicial districts established for the States of Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota.
(13) The judicial districts established for the States of Arkansas, Nebraska, and Missouri.
(14) The District of Arizona.
(15) The Southern District of California; and the judicial districts established for the State of Hawaii, and for Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
(16) The Central District of California.
(17) The Eastern District of California and the Northern District of California; and the judicial district established for the State of Nevada.
(18) The judicial districts established for the States of Alaska, Idaho (exclusive of Yellowstone National Park), Montana (exclusive of Yellowstone National Park), Oregon, and Washington.
(19) The judicial districts established for the States of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming (including those portions of Yellowstone National Park situated in the States of Montana and Idaho).
(20) The judicial districts established for the States of Kansas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma.
(21) The judicial districts established for the States of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia and for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands of the United States.
(b) Each United States trustee shall be appointed for a term of five years. On the expiration of his term, a United States trustee shall continue to perform the duties of his office until his successor is appointed and qualifies.
(c) Each United States trustee is subject to removal by the Attorney General.
(Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2662; amended Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 111(a)–(c), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3090, 3091.)
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title.
Amendments1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: “The Attorney General shall appoint one United States trustee for each of the following districts or groups of districts:
“(1) District of Maine, District of New Hampshire, District of Massachusetts, and District of Rhode Island.
“(2) Southern District of New York.
“(3) District of Delaware and District of New Jersey.
“(4) Eastern District of Virginia and District of District of Columbia.
“(5) Northern District of Alabama.
“(6) Northern District of Texas.
“(7) Northern District of Illinois.
“(8) District of Minnesota, District of North Dakota, District of South Dakota.
“(9) Central District of California.
“(10) District of Colorado and District of Kansas.”
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(b), substituted “five years” for “seven years” and “office” for “Office”.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(c), struck out “for cause” after “removal”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment; Transition and Administrative ProvisionsPub. L. 99–554, title III, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3118, as amended by Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 317(a), (c), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5115, 5116; Pub. L. 103–65, § 1, Aug. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 311; Pub. L. 106–518, title V, § 501, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2421; Pub. L. 109–8, title X, § 1001(c), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 186, provided that:
Effective DateChapter effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 402(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as a note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.
Short Title of 1986 AmendmentPub. L. 99–554, § 1, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3088, provided: “That this Act [enacting section 589a of this title and section 307 and chapter 12 of Title 11, Bankruptcy, amending this section, sections 49, 96, 152, 156, 157, 526, 582, 584 to 587, 604, 1334, and 1930 of this title, sections 101 to 103, 105, 108, 109, 303, 321, 322, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330, 341, 343, 345 to 348, 362 to 365, 502, 503, 521 to 524, 546 to 549, 554, 557, 701, 703 to 707, 724, 726 to 728, 743, 1102, 1104 to 1106, 1112, 1121, 1129, 1163, 1202, 1302, 1306, 1307, and 1324 to 1326 of Title 11, Bankruptcy Form No. 1, repealing chapters 11 and 12 of Title 11, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 589 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes preceding this section and under section 152 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note preceding this section] may be cited as the ‘Bankruptcy Judges, United States Trustees, and Family Farmer Bankruptcy Act of 1986’.”
Bankruptcy CrimesPub. L. 109–162, title XI, § 1175, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3125, provided that:
“The Director of the Executive Office for United States Trustees shall prepare an annual report to the Congress detailing—
“(1) the number and types of criminal referrals made by the United States Trustee Program;
“(2) the outcomes of each criminal referral;
“(3) for any year in which the number of criminal referrals is less than for the prior year, an explanation of the decrease; and
“(4) the United States Trustee Program’s efforts to prevent bankruptcy fraud and abuse, particularly with respect to the establishment of uniform internal controls to detect common, higher risk frauds, such as a debtor’s failure to disclose all assets.”