H.R. 10116 requires the Secretary of the Interior to submit a comprehensive report to Congress within one year examining how the National Park Service interprets and applies the Standards for Rehabilitation in the Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives program. The report must include ten years of data on how quickly the agency processes applications, how often it denies them or places conditions on approvals, and statistics on withdrawn applications, broken down by project size and type. The bill also directs the agency to identify barriers to affordable housing development, opportunities to streamline requirements for converting buildings to housing and adding energy efficiency and disability access, and describe what steps it has taken over the past decade to support affordable housing projects through the program. The report must include recommendations for updating the rehabilitation standards and implementation guidance to better balance historic preservation with affordable housing needs and climate resilience, considering economic and technical feasibility. No new funding is specified in the bill, and the one-year reporting deadline begins upon enactment.