This bill strengthens oversight and safety measures in the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program by requiring schools to report allegations of sexual harassment and assault to the Department of Defense and Department of Education within 48 hours, with permanent suspension of units that fail to comply. The legislation expands mandatory climate surveys to track gender, racial, disability, and other discrimination issues specifically in JROTC programs and requires biannual training for students on preventing and reporting sexual assault and harassment. Schools must obtain full informed consent from both students and their legal guardians before enrollment, clearly explaining the program's voluntary nature and requirements. The bill mandates annual public reporting to Congress detailing all allegations of sex-based harassment involving instructors, students, and peers, broken down by state and type of incident, and requires schools to develop policies on prevention programs and procedures for handling allegations. The Comptroller General must assess implementation of these provisions within one year, reviewing the Defense Department's instructor vetting process and compliance with existing civil rights laws.