The Workforce DATA Act requires the Department of Labor to study how automation is affecting American workers and jobs. Within six months of the law's enactment, the Labor Secretary must commission the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a comprehensive study examining how to measure automation's impact on employment, including job losses, job creation, and changing skill demands. The study will review current Labor Department data collection methods and recommend ways to better track which industries and workers are most affected by automation, what happens to displaced workers, and how job requirements are shifting. The Labor Secretary must also establish an advisory board with representatives from states, labor unions, businesses, nonprofits, and academic experts to provide recommendations on addressing automation's workforce impacts. The bill creates specific timelines, with the national study due within two years and a Labor Department plan for implementing findings due within three years, after which the advisory board will provide annual updates on workforce development strategies.