The Small Refinery Relief Act of 2023 would amend the Clean Air Act to give smaller oil refineries more flexibility in meeting renewable fuel blending requirements. Currently, all refineries must blend renewable fuels like ethanol and biodiesel into their gasoline and diesel products at set rates. This bill would allow small refineries to generate credits at higher rates—1.5 credits per gallon of ethanol-blended gasoline and 2.0 credits per gallon of biodiesel-blended diesel—and would permit them to meet their renewable fuel obligations based on lower percentages of their production (50 percent for gasoline, 30 percent for diesel). Small refineries could also blend fuels at affiliated companies to earn these credits, and any blending above their required minimum would generate tradeable credits they could sell. The legislation aims to ease the regulatory burden on smaller refineries while still advancing renewable fuel use in the transportation sector.