This bill extends and expands federal funding for community health centers, the National Health Service Corps, and teaching health centers that train medical residents, generally through fiscal years 2024 through 2026, while also boosting investments in the broader health workforce. It creates or reauthorizes numerous workforce programs, including rural residency training, primary care and nursing education grants, nurse faculty loan and salary-support programs, oral health training, and a new Health Care Workforce Innovation Program, collectively directing billions of dollars toward growing the supply of doctors, nurses, dentists, and allied health workers, particularly in underserved and rural communities. The legislation also targets health care costs by banning certain anticompetitive contract terms between insurers and hospital systems, requiring more transparent "honest billing" practices for hospital outpatient departments, prohibiting facility fees for certain office-based and telehealth services, and strengthening hospital and insurer price transparency requirements with new penalties for noncompliance. It reauthorizes and increases funding for the Prevention and Public Health Fund through 2031 and beyond. Overall, the bill affects patients, health care providers, insurers, hospitals, nursing and medical schools, and community health centers, with most provisions and funding increases taking effect starting in fiscal year 2024 and various reporting requirements to Congress due within one to five years of enactment.