The No Work with Adversaries Act of 2023 prohibits current and former members of the U.S. Armed Forces who held certain military positions from accepting employment with Chinese or Russian government entities. The bill targets individuals with specialized skills gained through military service in areas including aviation, cyber operations, weapons systems, intelligence, logistics, and military equipment maintenance. Violations are treated as federal crimes under existing penalties for similar misconduct. The Secretary of Defense may grant temporary waivers on a case-by-case basis for former military members if employment would not harm U.S. defense operations, with waivers lasting up to five years and subject to revocation. The Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs must notify affected service members of this prohibition, though the ban applies regardless of whether notification occurs.