The Protecting Education from Malign Foreign Influence Act of 2023 prohibits schools and colleges that receive federal funding from maintaining relationships with entities tied to adversarial foreign governments, particularly China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, Venezuela, and Syria. The bill defines "covered relationships" broadly to include financial donations over fifty thousand dollars, research partnerships, employment arrangements, and agreements related to student admissions or academic programs involving these foreign entities. Colleges and universities must establish policies to prevent faculty and staff from entering such relationships and report violations to the federal government. Schools and colleges already owned or controlled by covered persons as of the bill's enactment would have four years to divest, while those becoming noncompliant afterward would have one year. The bill also requires institutions to file annual disclosure reports to federal funding agencies and mandates the Secretary of Education to report annually to Congress on compliance. Additionally, the legislation restricts military training programs from being established at institutions controlled by covered persons and modifies foreign agent registration requirements to prevent foreign governments from using educational activities as cover for promoting their political agendas.