This bill directs the Department of Energy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to work together on research aimed at improving weather forecasting models using advanced computing technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and high-performance computing. The two agencies will collaborate through a competitive, merit-reviewed process that includes participation from national laboratories, universities, nonprofits, and other organizations to develop new methods, test different computing approaches, and share data and software tools. The bill also authorizes the establishment of up to three centers of excellence at national laboratories to focus specifically on developing and deploying advanced weather modeling technologies, with priority given to labs that already work with NOAA and have expertise in artificial intelligence and weather modeling. The agencies must submit a progress report to Congress within two years of the law's enactment, and the initiative will run for five years unless extended. While the bill does not specify a total funding amount in the text provided, it authorizes multi-year contracts and coordination activities between the two agencies to support these research efforts.