The Pay Our Correctional Officers Fairly Act would increase pay for federal Bureau of Prisons employees who work in areas classified as "Rest of U.S.," which typically have lower salary designations than other regions. The bill allows these correctional officers to instead receive pay rates based on the nearest higher-paying locality within 200 miles of their workstation, or if multiple localities exist within that distance, the one with the highest pay rate. The legislation also ensures that employees in wage areas spanning multiple pay localities receive the highest applicable wage schedule available in their region. These changes would take effect 180 days after the bill becomes law, applying to all subsequent pay periods.