The Biomass for Transportation Fuel Act directs the Environmental Protection Agency to allow electricity generated from renewable biomass to qualify for credits under the federal renewable fuel program, potentially opening a new pathway for biomass-based energy to count toward renewable fuel standards. The bill requires the EPA to review pathway petitions and facility registrations within one year, establish a fee system to fund these reviews, and issue refunds if reviews exceed 18 months, while allowing the agency to waive fees for state-owned utilities and tribal operations. It also expands what qualifies as renewable biomass by loosening restrictions on using trees and residue from federal and tribal forestlands, and requires the Energy Information Administration to track and separately report electricity generated from renewable biomass in its regular reports. The legislation aims to streamline EPA processes for approving biomass energy projects and provide clearer data on biomass electricity generation without requiring new appropriated funds, as processing fees will support the regulatory work.