The Military Industrial National Defense Supply Act of 2023, or MINDS Act, requires the Department of Defense to increase the amount of domestically-produced components used in major weapons systems and military equipment purchases. The bill directs the Secretary of Defense to submit a report within one year assessing how much American-made content is currently used in defense contracts and to create a database tracking this information. Starting immediately, the law requires that at least 60 percent of component costs come from U.S.-sourced materials, increasing to 65 percent from 2024 through 2028, and then to 75 percent from 2029 onward, with an exception for iron and steel products. The law applies to all new defense contracts going forward, though it exempts countries that have reciprocal defense procurement agreements with the United States. The Defense Secretary has 180 days to create rules allowing for exceptions if meeting these requirements proves unreasonably expensive or if no domestic suppliers can meet the demand, though these temporary exceptions expire on January 1, 2030.