The Welcome Back to the Health Care Workforce Act authorizes the federal government to award grants to help internationally educated health care professionals join and advance in the U.S. health care workforce. Eligible organizations such as hospitals, nonprofits, colleges, and government agencies can apply for grants to provide services like English language training, licensing support, mentoring, career counseling, and financial assistance for living expenses and exam fees. The bill prioritizes grants for communities facing health care workforce shortages, particularly in rural areas, and requires grant recipients to spend at least 20 percent of funds on system-level improvements that benefit multiple professionals. The Department of Health and Human Services must begin awarding grants within one year of enactment and submit annual progress reports to Congress, with funding authorized for fiscal years 2025 through 2029 at amounts to be determined by Congress.