The Water Infrastructure Enhancement Act of 2023 establishes a federal grant program to help public water systems improve their infrastructure across the country. Water suppliers can use grants to pay for activities like repairing pipes, upgrading treatment facilities, installing emergency generators, and making other improvements to drinking water systems. The program prioritizes rural communities and historically disadvantaged areas, requiring that at least 50 percent of funding go to rural areas with populations of 20,000 or fewer and at least 15 percent go to areas with persistent poverty. The federal government will cover up to 90 percent of project costs, with local suppliers responsible for the remaining share. The bill authorizes $800 million per year in funding from 2024 through 2029 to support these water infrastructure improvements.