The Officer John Barnes Act requires the federal government to make faster decisions on public safety officer benefit claims. Currently, there is no set deadline for the Bureau of Justice Assistance to determine whether someone qualifies for benefits under the crime victims compensation program, which can leave claimants waiting indefinitely. This bill establishes a 270-calendar-day deadline, or about nine months, for the Bureau to notify claimants whether they are eligible for benefits. The law primarily affects survivors and families of law enforcement officers who are filing for federal benefits related to death or disability. No specific new funding is authorized in the legislation; it simply requires the existing federal agency to process these benefit determinations within the specified timeframe.