The Unearth Innovation Act establishes a mineral and mining innovation program within the Department of Energy to research and develop new technologies for identifying, extracting, processing, and recycling minerals domestically. The program will focus on improving mining efficiency, reducing environmental impacts, enhancing worker safety, strengthening community engagement with local residents and Native American tribes, and advancing critical mineral recycling, particularly for batteries. The Department of Energy must establish the initiative within 180 days and will coordinate with the Interior Department, labor agencies, and occupational safety organizations, while prioritizing partnerships with universities and mining research institutions. Congress will receive a progress report within three years. The legislation authorizes $100 million annually from fiscal years 2025 through 2034 to support these research and development activities.