The Medical Graduate Investment Act of 2024 directs the Department of Health and Human Services to award grants to medical and osteopathic schools at historically Black colleges and universities and other minority-serving institutions to increase student enrollment by at least 5 percent annually. Eligible recipients can use grant funds for tuition assistance, faculty hiring and retention, equipment, and clinical training that prepares students to work as primary care physicians in underserved rural and tribal areas. Each school will receive a minimum of one million dollars per year over a five-year grant period, distributed in annual payments, though schools must provide matching funds equal to 25 percent of their annual award or apply for a waiver. The bill authorizes $60 million in funding for each fiscal year from 2026 through 2030. Schools must submit annual reports tracking new student enrollment, including demographic information, and the HHS Secretary must report to Congress within two years on the program's effectiveness and outcomes.