The Safeguarding Our Levees Act amends federal law governing emergency flood control repairs to establish clear timelines and funding mechanisms for levee maintenance. The bill requires the Secretary of the Army to begin repairs or restoration of federally authorized flood control structures within 180 days of receiving a request from a non-federal sponsor, such as a state or local government. The legislation also adjusts how the federal government shares costs for these repairs, requiring it to cover 25 percent of the difference between estimated and actual repair costs. This bill affects state and local governments responsible for maintaining levees and flood control systems, as well as communities dependent on these infrastructure projects for flood protection. By setting a specific deadline and clarifying cost-sharing arrangements, the bill aims to expedite emergency responses to levee failures and natural disasters.