The Southern Mongolian Human Rights Policy Act seeks to address what the bill characterizes as systematic repression of ethnic Mongolians in China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The legislation documents concerns including the replacement of Mongolian language instruction with Chinese in schools, restrictions on religious practice and cultural observances, forced relocation of nomadic pastoralists, and alleged detention and mistreatment of activists and dissidents. The bill directs the U.S. government to take multiple actions in response, including establishing an Inner Mongolia team at the Beijing embassy, launching Voice of America broadcasts in Mongolian with $2 million authorized annually for fiscal years 2025 and 2026, and having the president identify and potentially sanction Chinese officials responsible for human rights abuses against Southern Mongolians. The legislation also calls on federal institutions like the Smithsonian to help preserve Southern Mongolian culture and instructs U.S. representatives at international financial institutions to support development projects that respect Mongolian autonomy and traditions. The sanctions provisions would automatically expire five years after the law's enactment.
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