This bill would restrict the federal government's ability to keep money it collects outside of normal appropriations processes. Currently, federal agencies can deposit various types of revenue—such as fines, fees, and other miscellaneous receipts—directly into the Treasury under what is known as the Miscellaneous Receipts Act, with certain exceptions allowed by other laws. The Upholding the Power of the Purse Act would eliminate most of these exceptions, requiring that nearly all money collected by the government be deposited into the general Treasury rather than kept in separate accounts. The bill would preserve exceptions only for funds where the federal government acts as a custodian or intermediary for money belonging to states or local governments. The changes would take effect starting in fiscal year 2024.