The Tax Fairness for Survivors Act would exclude compensation received from sexual assault or sexual harassment claims from federal income tax. This applies to all forms of settlements, judgments, and awards—including back pay, front pay, and punitive damages—whether paid as lump sums or over time. The bill covers claims related to nonconsensual sexual acts or conduct that qualifies as sexual harassment under federal, tribal, state, or local law. The changes would also apply to Social Security taxes, railroad retirement taxes, unemployment taxes, and wage withholding calculations, ensuring survivors are not penalized by payroll taxes on these settlement amounts. The exemption would take effect for tax years beginning after the law is enacted, and the Treasury Department would issue regulations to distinguish settlement amounts related to sexual assault or harassment claims from other compensation like back wages for services performed.