This bill establishes a new Artificial Intelligence Safety Review Office within the Department of Commerce to oversee risks from advanced AI systems, particularly those that could be misused to develop biological, chemical, cyber, or nuclear weapons. The office would be headed by an Under Secretary appointed by the President and staffed with experts in AI, cybersecurity, biotechnology, and related fields, with up to 50 positions that can bypass standard federal hiring rules. Companies developing powerful AI models would be required to conduct safety evaluations, implement red-team testing and cybersecurity protections, and obtain government approval before deploying models that meet certain capability thresholds. Sellers of advanced computer chips and cloud computing providers would also face requirements to know their customers and report on foreign transactions that could pose national security risks. The bill includes enforcement mechanisms with civil penalties up to $1 million per day for non-compliance and criminal penalties of up to 10 years imprisonment for knowingly deploying prohibited AI models. The legislation authorizes $50 million in funding for the new office.
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