H.R. 5759 updates existing federal laws to accelerate the development and adoption of post-quantum cryptography standards across the United States. Post-quantum cryptography refers to encryption methods designed to resist attacks from both traditional computers and future quantum computers, which could potentially break current security systems. The bill directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology to create guidance and resources to help organizations adopt these new standards, with particular focus on critical infrastructure and digital infrastructure providers that are most vulnerable to quantum computing threats. The legislation also authorizes NIST to establish a grant program to provide technical assistance and funding to high-risk entities for implementing post-quantum cryptography standards and fixing quantum-related security vulnerabilities, subject to available appropriations. Additionally, the bill requires the National Science Foundation to prioritize post-quantum cryptography research as part of its broader cybersecurity research efforts.