The Filipino Veterans Fairness Act of 2023 expands veterans benefits for individuals who served in the Philippine armed forces and Philippine Scouts during World War II and other periods. The bill amends federal law to include additional benefit programs, specifically sections 1541 and 1542 of title 38, for eligible Filipino veterans who may not have previously qualified. The legislation also directs the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to accept alternative documentation of military service beyond the standard guerrilla rosters maintained at the National Personnel Records Center, making it easier for Filipino veterans to prove their eligibility. The Secretary must submit annual reports to Congress detailing how many individuals apply for these benefits and how many are approved. The law would take effect 270 days after enactment, with no retroactive benefits for periods before that date.