H.R. 6156 directs the Small Business Administration to study the challenges facing for-profit child care providers across the country and report its findings to Congress within 120 days of the bill becoming law. The report must assess the difficulties and needs these businesses face, describe what resources and support the SBA currently offers them, identify any gaps or shortcomings in that support, and recommend legislative changes to address the problems found. It also requires the SBA to identify what leadership or organizational steps would be needed to carry out those recommendations. The bill primarily affects for-profit child care providers operating anywhere in the United States, its territories, or the District of Columbia, as well as the SBA itself, which must produce and submit the report. No new funding is authorized to implement this requirement, meaning the study must be conducted using existing agency resources.