This bill would require law enforcement and intelligence agencies to obtain a warrant before using cell-site simulators, which are devices that mimic cell towers to locate and track mobile phones. Currently, such devices can often be deployed without court approval. The legislation makes it illegal for individuals or entities to use cell-site simulators without authorization, with penalties up to $250,000 for violations. It establishes specific warrant requirements including proof that other investigative methods have failed or are unlikely to work, specification of the geographic area and time period of use, and disclosure of potential disruptions to emergency calls and other communications. The bill allows limited exceptions for genuine emergencies involving immediate danger or national security threats, though agencies must seek a warrant within 48 hours. Intelligence agencies operating under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act would face similar restrictions. The bill includes provisions requiring federal inspectors general to report annually to Congress on cell-site simulator usage and compliance. The law would take effect two years after enactment, with a possible three-year extension for existing devices pending independent testing.
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