The Southern Border Transparency Act of 2023 requires the Department of Homeland Security to publish detailed monthly and quarterly reports on immigration activities at the southern border. Specifically, U.S. Customs and Border Protection must publish monthly data on the number of immigrants granted parole at ports of entry and between ports, broken down by citizenship, age, and family status. The Department of Homeland Security must also submit quarterly reports to Congress and post them publicly, detailing how many immigrants were encountered at each port of entry and border patrol sector, along with information about their processing outcomes, including voluntary departures, expedited removeries, and credible fear screenings. Additionally, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services must publish quarterly reports on parole petitions received and approved, and the bill amends existing law to require annual reports on all immigrants paroled into the United States with details on employment authorization and status changes. No specific funding is allocated in the bill, and the reporting requirements begin within 30 days of enactment and continue on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis thereafter.