This bill overhauls the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), primarily targeting Section 702, which allows the government to collect communications of foreigners overseas but sometimes incidentally sweeps in Americans' communications. The legislation generally requires the FBI and other agencies to obtain a warrant before searching this collected data for information about Americans or people in the United States, with narrow exceptions for emergencies, consent, or cybersecurity threats. It limits which FBI personnel can conduct such searches, strengthens oversight by expanding the role of privacy advocates (amici curiae) in the secret FISA court, mandates new reporting and auditing requirements to Congress, and increases criminal and civil penalties for surveillance abuses. The bill also closes loopholes by barring the government from buying personal data from data brokers to avoid warrant requirements and by making FISA the exclusive legal pathway for collecting sensitive information like location data and search histories. Section 702 surveillance authority, currently set to expire, would be extended through December 31, 2026, giving Congress and agencies a three-year window to implement these reforms while preserving the underlying surveillance program.
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