The Protecting Older Workers Against Discrimination Act of 2023 changes the legal standards that workers must meet when filing employment discrimination claims under federal law. Specifically, it makes it easier for workers to prove discrimination by requiring only that age, race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or disability be "a motivating factor" in an adverse employment decision, even if other factors were also involved. The bill applies these standards to claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Rehabilitation Act, covering both private sector and federal employees. However, when employers can show they would have made the same decision regardless of the discriminatory factor, courts may only award attorney's fees and injunctive relief rather than damages or reinstatement. The bill takes effect immediately upon enactment and applies to all pending and future discrimination claims.