The Small Business Transportation Investment Act of 2024 directs the General Services Administration to establish a program allowing small transportation businesses to purchase surplus federal vehicles before they are sold to the general public. Small businesses providing ground transportation services such as taxis, shuttles, medical transport, or paratransit would have first access to buy approximately half of the federal government's annual surplus vehicle inventory at the lower of either cost or open market value. Participating businesses must use purchased vehicles for transportation services for at least two years, with a cap of 50 vehicles per business per year, and are required to donate one out of every five vehicles to nonprofit organizations once they are no longer needed. The program must be established within 30 days of the bill's enactment, and the General Services Administrator must report to Congress within five years with recommendations on whether to continue or end the program.