The Closing the Workforce Gap Act of 2024 reforms the H-2B temporary worker visa program, which allows employers to hire foreign workers for seasonal and non-agricultural jobs. The bill ties the number of available H-2B visas to actual labor demand by basing caps on Department of Labor-certified positions rather than fixed numbers, while exempting rural and seasonal employers from numerical caps. The legislation strengthens worker protections by requiring employers to maintain workplace safety plans, prohibiting employers from charging workers fees related to the visa process, and increasing penalties for violations from $150 to $350 for certain offenses and up to $10,000 for intentional misrepresentation. It also establishes a formal complaint process allowing workers to report violations up to two years after an incident and authorizes the Labor Department to impose penalties, unpaid wages recovery, and disqualification from the program for up to five years for willful violations. Additionally, the bill requires employers to notify immigration authorities within three business days if workers fail to report to work or other employment conditions change, and creates a system for designating eligible countries based on fraud rates, visa overstay rates, and worker compliance metrics.