This bill directs the federal government to support the collection and processing of polymetallic nodules from the seafloor as a way to reduce U.S. dependence on China for critical minerals needed in defense and clean energy technologies. The legislation asks multiple federal agencies, including the State Department and Defense Department, to provide financial and diplomatic support for seafloor nodule collection and to coordinate the development of domestic processing and refining infrastructure for these materials. The bill emphasizes that seafloor nodule mining may have lower environmental and social impacts compared to traditional land-based mining operations. It requires the Office of Science and Technology Policy to submit annual reports analyzing the benefits of sourcing and processing seafloor nodules domestically, comparing their environmental impact to land-based mining, and assessing relevant technologies. The Department of Commerce must also report on existing federal laws and regulations related to importing and processing seafloor nodules.