The Postsecondary Student Success Act of 2024 authorizes the Education Department to award competitive grants to colleges and universities for programs designed to help more students complete their degrees, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The bill defines high-need students as those from low-income families, first-generation college students, students with disabilities, caregivers, formerly incarcerated students, and military-connected students. Eligible recipients include public colleges, nonprofit organizations partnering with colleges, and Tribal Colleges and Universities, which must submit detailed plans showing how they will use evidence-based strategies like mentoring, tutoring, career counseling, accelerated learning programs, and improved transfer pathways. The legislation provides grants for fiscal years 2025 through 2030, with at least 2 percent of funding reserved specifically for Tribal institutions and 20 percent reserved for programs using the most rigorous evidence of effectiveness. The Education Department must evaluate program results and report to Congress within 18 months of the law's enactment.