The National Gun Violence Research Act establishes a coordinated federal research program to study gun violence, its causes, and prevention strategies. The bill removes long-standing restrictions on federal funding for gun violence research that have limited studies since 1996, allowing agencies like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health to conduct this research. Multiple federal agencies, including the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Department of Justice, would work together through an interagency working group to fund grants, establish research centers, train researchers, and develop gun safety standards. The legislation authorizes $200,000 annually for program coordination and $44 million total per year from 2025 through 2030 across participating agencies, with the Department of Justice required to share gun trace data with researchers within one year. The bill emphasizes that this research is not advocacy for gun control but rather an effort to improve public health through evidence-based understanding of gun violence.