The Ranked Choice Voting Act would require all states to use ranked choice voting in elections for U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, starting in 2027. Under this system, voters would rank candidates in order of preference, and if no candidate wins a majority of first-choice votes, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and those votes are redistributed based on voters' next preferences, continuing until one candidate has a majority. The bill would eliminate separate runoff elections at both the primary and general election stages, though states could still hold nonpartisan primary elections if they allow at least three candidates to advance to the general election. To help states implement the new voting system, Congress would provide federal funding between $4 and $8 per registered voter, with payments required by June 1, 2025, to cover costs like equipment upgrades, voter training, and ballot design. The bill includes provisions for federal enforcement, allowing the Attorney General and private citizens to sue states that fail to comply, with cases heard by three-judge district courts and appeals going directly to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals.
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