The PRIMATES Act of 2024 would prohibit the National Institutes of Health from conducting or funding any research that causes significant pain or distress to primates, with the restriction taking effect 90 days after the law's enactment. The bill defines painful research as studies classified in the highest pain categories (D or E) by the Department of Agriculture and also prevents NIH from transferring primates it owns to other laboratories for such research. The legislation requires NIH to publish detailed annual reports on all primate research projects it funds or conducts, including project costs, the number of animals used, pain category classifications, and efforts to phase out primate use, along with information on primates retired to sanctuaries. Additionally, the Government Accountability Office must complete a study within one year assessing NIH's efforts to reduce and replace primate testing and comparing these efforts to other federal agencies. The bill does not specify new funding but rather restricts how existing NIH research funds can be used.
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