The SOUND Pesticide Research Act would change how the Environmental Protection Agency evaluates pesticide safety by requiring the agency to base its decisions on multigenerational reproductive toxicity studies involving at least four generations of test species when setting or modifying pesticide residue limits on food. The bill applies to all EPA pesticide tolerance decisions, affecting pesticide manufacturers, farmers, food producers, and ultimately consumers whose food may contain pesticide residues. Within 180 days of the law's enactment, the EPA must review whether its existing pesticide determinations are supported by data meeting these new standards. The EPA would be required to submit a report to Congress within two years identifying which pesticide decisions were reviewed, updated, or changed as a result of these amendments. The legislation does not specify new funding allocations, but it would likely increase EPA costs for conducting or requiring more extensive testing of pesticides.