The PEPTIDES for Veterans Act directs the Department of Veterans Affairs to study whether peptide-based therapies could benefit veterans in their care. The bill requires the VA Secretary to first review existing federal regulations and definitions of peptides, then submit a report to Congress within 180 days establishing a clear definition of peptides and peptide-based therapies. Following that review, the Secretary must conduct an 18-month study examining the safety and effectiveness of these therapies for treating service-connected conditions, including chronic pain, mental health issues, and physical rehabilitation. If the study concludes these therapies are beneficial, the VA must launch a 5-year pilot program open to veterans who volunteer to participate, with results and implementation guidance reported back to Congress. The bill does not specify dedicated funding amounts but authorizes the VA to carry out these research and pilot activities as part of its existing authority and appropriations.