The Ballots by Election Day Act would require all ballots cast in federal elections, including absentee and mail-in ballots, to be received by election officials by the time polls close on Election Day. The bill amends the Help America Vote Act of 2002 to establish a uniform national deadline, meaning states would no longer be able to count ballots that arrive after polls close, with a limited exception for military and overseas voters. This legislation would apply to all federal elections starting in 2027, including primary elections, runoff elections, and special elections. The bill does not establish new funding requirements and instead creates an enforcement mechanism within the existing Help America Vote Act framework. The change would affect all voters who use mail-in or absentee ballots, potentially eliminating the practice in some states that currently count ballots arriving several days after Election Day.