The ROMA Act directs the U.S. Department of Agriculture to establish and maintain a database of isotopic signatures—scientific fingerprints that identify the geographic origin of processing tomatoes. This initiative is modeled after a successful public-private partnership that uses isotopic testing to detect cotton imports produced using forced labor in China's Xinjiang province in violation of existing law. The USDA will collect tomato samples from both domestic and foreign sources, conduct research to improve isotopic testing methods, and make the database information available to federal agencies, universities, research stations, and private companies upon request. The department will also coordinate with U.S. Customs and Border Protection to use these isotopic signatures to inspect tomato imports for potential trade violations. The Secretary of Agriculture must report to Congress within two years on how the database has been established and used, along with recommendations for any additional legislative or regulatory action needed.