The Judicial Conduct and Disability Reform Act of 2026 modifies the federal process for investigating and disciplining federal judges, primarily affecting circuit court judges. The bill requires that complaints against appeals court judges be transferred to a different judicial circuit for review, limiting potential conflicts of interest, and establishes strict timelines for suspension orders, which cannot exceed two years total. When judicial councils suspend a judge's ability to hear new cases, they must conclude the matter, renew the suspension for up to one year, or request the judge's retirement within twelve months, with Congress receiving notice of such actions. The legislation also allows judges to seek court of appeals review if a suspension lasts longer than one year on constitutional grounds, and creates a new standard requiring judges to recuse themselves from conduct proceedings when their impartiality might reasonably be questioned. These changes take effect immediately for all new complaints filed after the bill's enactment and for any existing suspension orders.