The Equity in Research Act would establish a National Science Foundation grant program to strengthen research capacity at colleges and universities that serve historically underrepresented populations. The grants, ranging from $1 million to $5 million per institution, would go to Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic-serving institutions, tribal colleges, and other minority-serving institutions to improve research facilities and capabilities in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medical fields. Schools could use the funding for building infrastructure improvements, research equipment and materials, facility maintenance, and personnel costs related to managing research activities. The bill authorizes $50 million in annual funding beginning in fiscal year 2027 and continuing each year thereafter. This legislation aims to help underrepresented institutions build stronger research programs and compete more effectively for future research opportunities.