The Surge to Save Newborns Act amends federal health law to establish a new grant program that provides funding to states to implement comprehensive newborn screening for medical conditions. The bill directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to distribute grants to state health agencies and officials to help them screen newborns for all conditions recommended on the federal uniform screening panel. To receive funding, states must submit applications describing how they will use the grants to implement these screening programs. The legislation appropriates $35 million annually for fiscal years 2027 through 2031 to support this effort, and requires the federal government to report to Congress each year on which states have implemented screening and the effectiveness of the program. This bill primarily affects state health departments and newborns, helping ensure early detection of treatable medical conditions across the country.