H.R. 10583, known as Garrett's Law, would classify certain high-powered air guns as firearms under federal law. Currently, powerful air guns fall outside the federal firearms definition, but this bill would bring them into the regulatory framework by amending federal law to include "lethal air guns" as firearms. The legislation defines lethal air guns as air or gas-powered weapons shooting pellets at specific caliber and velocity thresholds, such as .177 caliber pellets at 800 feet per second or larger, with the Attorney General also able to designate additional air guns through rulemaking. The bill would take effect 850 days after enactment and requires the Attorney General to publish guidance within one year to help manufacturers become federally licensed and comply with firearms regulations like serialization and record keeping. This change would subject high-powered air gun manufacturers to the same federal licensing and regulatory requirements as traditional firearm manufacturers.