The Make Data Centers Pay Act amends federal electricity regulations to require data centers and high-density computing facilities using 20 megawatts or more of power to pay the full incremental cost of the electricity infrastructure needed to serve them, rather than having those costs shared with other utility customers. The bill prevents electric utilities from passing any portion of the costs associated with data centers—including the construction and operation of power generation, storage, and transmission equipment—to residential and business customers who are not data centers. Data centers would need to provide financial assurances or contributions to cover facility upgrades before construction begins, and they would remain responsible for paying these costs even if they stop purchasing electricity from the utility before all costs are recovered. The bill applies only to data centers that connect to the grid after enactment and does not affect existing arrangements that were already approved before the law takes effect. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and state utility regulators retain their authority to oversee how these rates are designed and can allow utilities to collect amounts exceeding incremental costs from data centers and credit those to other customers.