S. 1190, the Coast Guard Improvement Act of 2025, creates a new cabinet-level Secretary of the Coast Guard position appointed by the President with Senate confirmation. This secretary would be a civilian leader responsible for all Coast Guard operations, including recruiting, training, equipping, and administration, while the Commandant reports directly to this new secretary. The bill reorganizes the Coast Guard's leadership structure within the Department of Homeland Security and includes a 30-day deadline for the DHS Secretary to submit a detailed reorganization plan to Congress outlining how to transfer responsibilities, allocate personnel and funding, and implement the structural changes. The legislation also specifies that no recently retired military officers (within five years of active duty) can serve as Secretary and clarifies the secretary's reporting relationship when the Coast Guard operates under the Navy during wartime.
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