The NIH Reform Act would split the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) into three separate institutes within the National Institutes of Health: the National Institute of Allergic Diseases, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, and the National Institute of Immunologic Diseases. Each new institute would have its own director appointed by the President with Senate confirmation for five-year terms, renewable once. Upon enactment, the current NIAID director position would be eliminated, with the NIH Director overseeing the three new institutes until permanent directors are appointed and transition plans are completed. The bill makes no changes to funding levels but requires the NIH Director to ensure an orderly transition of existing NIAID authorities and responsibilities to the appropriate new institutes. The legislation was introduced in February 2025 and has been referred to the House Committee on Energy and Commerce.
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