S. 2090, the Budget Reform Act of 2025, strengthens congressional budget discipline through procedural changes and structural reforms to federal budgeting. The bill makes it harder to bypass budget rules by raising the Senate voting threshold from three-fifths to two-thirds majority for waiving budget-related points of order, and it requires the Senate Budget Committee to review all budget-related legislation or face targeted point-of-order challenges. Starting in 2025, federal agencies must implement zero-based budgeting—justifying all spending from scratch and presenting alternatives—and Congress will shift to a two-year budget cycle beginning in 2027, with accelerated deadlines and performance reporting. The bill also mandates that the Congressional Budget Office publicly release its fiscal models and data so lawmakers and the public can verify cost estimates, and it imposes financial penalties on the President and Congress members for late budget submissions, including travel restrictions and delays in presidential addresses to Congress. These changes take effect immediately for Senate procedures and budget penalties, with the biennial budget cycle and revised baseline calculations beginning in 2027 and 2028 respectively.
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