S. 2176 requires the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to submit detailed annual reports to Congress beginning February 15, 2026, outlining plans and costs for modernizing and rebuilding aging nuclear weapons facilities and related infrastructure. The bill addresses the fact that more than half of the NNSA's facilities—many dating back to the Manhattan Project era—are in poor condition and need replacement before failure. The reports must cover infrastructure investments planned for the next 5, 6-to-15, and 16-to-25 fiscal years, including cost estimates, schedules, workforce impacts, and progress updates, to support the NNSA's 25-year modernization roadmap released in October 2024. The legislation affects NNSA operations and ultimately taxpayers funding nuclear deterrence modernization, with the ongoing reporting requirement helping Congress oversee what is expected to be a major long-term investment in the nation's nuclear weapons complex.
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